article · Antibiotics
Chemical analysis of essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Origanum elongatum identified 27 constituents, representing 99.08 percent of the oil. The primary compounds found were carvacrol at 57.32 percent, p-cymene at 14.70 percent, and gamma-terpinene at 9.84 percent. Laboratory testing showed that the oil possesses notable antioxidant properties across three distinct assays. When evaluated against nine pathogenic bacteria isolated from hospital patients, the essential oil demonstrated antibacterial activity, inhibiting most strains at concentrations between 2 and 8 microlitres per millilitre, while requiring 32 microlitres per millilitre for Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, fumigation tests against adult Ceratitis capitata fruit flies resulted in 100 percent mortality, confirming significant insecticidal properties.
Rising bacterial resistance and the environmental concerns surrounding synthetic chemicals drive interest in plant-derived alternatives. By demonstrating antibacterial effects against clinical pathogens, antioxidant properties, and lethal activity against an agricultural insect pest, this study highlights a botanical oil with multiple biological functions that may support health and crop protection efforts.
The findings suggest potential applications for Origanum elongatum essential oil as a natural biopesticide against fruit pests and as an active component in natural antibiotics or antioxidants. Potential users include agricultural pest control developers and pharmaceutical or nutraceutical formulators. Given that the evidence is based on laboratory-scale chemical profiling, in vitro bacterial assays, and preliminary fumigation tests, the work represents early-stage research requiring further formulation and field validation.
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The aim of this research is to profile the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts of Origanum elongatum (O. elongatum) and to evaluate its antioxidant, antibacterial and insecticidal activities on Ceratitis capitata adults. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed a total of 27 constituents in EO of O. elongatum, which accounted for 99.08% of its constituents. Carvacrol (57.32%) was a main component, followed by p-cymene (14.70%) and γ-terpinene (9.84%). The antioxidant activity of O. elongatum EO was investigated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power), and TCA (the total antioxidant capacity) methods. This EO exhibited a remarkable antiradical and reducing power against DPPH (IC50 = 2.855 ± 0.018μL/mL), FRAP (EC0.5 = 0.124 ± 0.013µL/mL) and TCA (IC50 = 14.099 ± 0.389 mg AAE/g of the EO). The antibacterial tests in vitro, using the disc and dilution methods, were carried out on nine pathogenic bacteria isolated from the hospital patients, such as Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia fonticola, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinétobacter baumannii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae sensible, E.coli sensible, E.coli resistante, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The EO demonstrated a considerable antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) from 2 to 8 µL/mL against all strains except Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 32 µL/mL). Regarding the insecticidal activity, the fumigation test indicated a high efficacy (100% mortality), and a lethal dose of LD50 = 17 ± 0.53 μL/L air was found after 24 h of exposureTherefore, O. elongatum EO could be utilized as a natural antioxidant, antibiotic and biopesticides.
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DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010174
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