Chemical composition analysis of argan kernel, leaves and shell from the Oujda region using neutron activation analysis technique at CNESTEN-Morocco

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the elemental composition of different parts of the argan tree (Argania spinosa), including the kernel, leaves and shells, using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), a highly sensitive and non-destructive technique. Argan tree samples, valued for their nutritional and cosmetic uses, were collected from the Moroccan Oujda region. The analysis was conducted using the k0-standardisation method of NAA at the TRIGA Mark II research reactor (2 MW) at the National Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN). Certified reference materials (IAEA-336 lichens) were simultaneously analysed, ensuring a high level of accuracy. The study revealed notable concentrations of key elements: calcium (Ca) was particularly high in the leaves (23,590 ± 1887 mg/kg), while potassium (K) was most abundant in the leaves (26,010 ± 2080 mg/kg) and kernels (7750 ± 620 mg/kg). Chlorine (Cl) showed significant levels in leaves (9890 ± 791 mg/kg) and kernels (2940 ± 235 mg/kg), emphasising the nutritional potential of these parts. Trace elements such as arsenic (As) and bromine (Br) were also quantified, offering insights into the argan tree's elemental profile. These findings provide valuable data for the agricultural, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and highlight the effectiveness of NAA for detailed elemental analysis in plant research.