article · Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions
Chronic venous disease (CVD) encompasses a spectrum of conditions resulting from chronic venous insufficiency, ranging from milder symptoms such as edema, skin discoloration, and discomfort to more severe complications such as chronic venous ulcers. Although often neglected, CVD is a widespread condition, affecting approximately 20% to 25% of adults globally, and over 25 million adults in the United States alone.1,2 The prevalence of CVD increases with age and disproportionately affects women, likely due to hormonal factors and pregnancy.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2025.103810
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