Challenges in Transitioning from Exclusive Breastfeeding to Complementary Feeding Among Nursing Mothers in Nteje, Anambra, Nigeria

Abstract

The transition from exclusive breastfeeding to complementary feeding is a critical stage in child development, yet it remains fraught with challenges for many nursing mothers, particularly in rural Nigeria. This study explores the challenges encountered by nursing mothers in Ntege, Anambra State, during this transition period. The study specifically, assessed the knowledge and practices of nursing mothers regarding complementary feeding in Ntege, identified the major challenges faced by mothers in transitioning from exclusive breastfeeding to complementary feeding, examined the influence of socio-demographic factors (e.g., education, occupation, income) on complementary feeding practices, as well as explored sociocultural perceptions influencing complementary feeding in the study area. The study made use of the Health Belief Model (HBM) of Rosenstock and Becker (1974) to explain the social phenomena studied. Using a descriptive cross-sectional research design and the multi-stage sampling technique, the study combined survey data from 400 respondents with qualitative interviews to investigate the knowledge, practices, and socio-cultural and economic constraints affecting complementary feeding. Findings revealed high awareness of complementary feeding (97.5%) but poor adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, with only 40% of mothers initiating complementary feeding at six months. Major challenges included financial constraints, cultural misconceptions, and inadequate support systems. Logistic regression analysis identified maternal education and exposure to health information as significant predictors of appropriate feeding practices. Qualitative insights further highlighted the influence of family dynamics and traditional beliefs in shaping feeding decisions. The study concludes that effective transition to complementary feeding in rural communities requires context-sensitive, culturally respectful, and economically supportive interventions. Recommendations include inclusive nutrition education, empowerment of women, integration of indigenous beliefs, and strengthened public health policy. These findings contribute to ongoing discussions on infant nutrition and maternal health within the context of sub-Saharan Africa.