Challenges Faced in the Implementation of Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Junior Schools in Kenya

Abstract

This study explores the challenges encountered in implementing the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in junior schools in Kenya, which aims to shift educational focus from rote memorization to the development of critical competencies essential for lifelong learning. Despite its potential benefits, the transition to CBC has been hindered by several significant challenges. This is a qualitative research study that collected primary and secondary data through conducting observation and reviewing research findings from previous research. Analysis of data has been done using thematic content analysis. Findings from literature reviews, surveys, and interviews with educators and stakeholders highlight inadequate teacher training as a critical barrier, where many educators feel ill-prepared to effectively deliver CBC. Limited resources, including shortages of textbooks, digital tools, and adequate infrastructure, further hamper CBC implementation, particularly in rural and marginalized areas. Resistance to change among educators, parents, and students, stemming from unfamiliarity with CBC methodologies and concerns about its impact on academic outcomes, presents another obstacle. Moreover, infrastructural deficits such as inadequate classroom space and unreliable internet connectivity complicate the delivery of CBC-aligned education. In conclusion, overcoming these challenges requires enhanced teacher training programs, improved resource allocation, effective stakeholder engagement strategies, and substantial investments in school infrastructure. By addressing these issues proactively, Kenya can pave the way for a successful and inclusive implementation of CBC, ensuring that students acquire the skills and competencies necessary for future success in a globalized world