article · ACS Omega
A green, low-cost method has been established to produce a reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticle nanocomposite using aqueous leaf extract from Willow-leaved knotgrass. Natural compounds in the plant extract, specifically flavonoids and glycosides, drive the formation of the nanocomposite. The resulting material features gold nanoparticles that are mostly spherical and measure between 15 and 20 nanometres in size, with occasional rod, triangular, and rhomboid shapes. Laboratory tests confirmed that the composite demonstrates excellent catalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue dye. Additionally, the material proved to be an effective antioxidant and displayed strong antibacterial performance against common bacterial strains, namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In all tested applications, the hybrid nanocomposite consistently outperformed plain gold nanoparticles synthesised with the same plant extract.
Conventional methods for producing advanced nanomaterials often rely on hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes. Using widespread plant extracts offers a greener, safer, and cheaper manufacturing route. The resulting multifunctional material demonstrates useful capabilities for breaking down chemical pollutants in water and combating bacterial pathogens, presenting cleaner pathways for environmental remediation and biomedical development.
This work represents early-stage laboratory research with potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment and antimicrobial formulation. Industrial operators treating dye-laden effluent and developers of antibacterial materials could eventually adopt the composite. Because the abstract reports only laboratory-scale synthesis and preliminary functional testing, substantial process scaling, safety validation, and formulation work will be required before any commercial application is viable.
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In the current study, a simple, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle (rGO-AuNP) nanocomposite was successfully phytosynthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of a common weed found on the Nile banks, <i>Persicaria salicifolia</i>, for the first time. The phytosynthesis of rGO-AuNPs was first confirmed <i>via</i> the color transformation from brown to black as well as throughvarious techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Two UV-vis peaks at 275 and 530 nm were observed for the nanocomposite with a typical particle size of mostly spherical AuNPs of 15-20 nm. However, other shapes were occasionally detected including rods, triangles, and rhomboids. Existing phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and glycosides in the plant extract were suggested to be responsible for the phytosynthesis of rGO-AuNPs. The excellent catalytic efficacy of rGO-AuNPs against MB degradation was confirmed, and a high antibacterial efficiency against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i> was also confirmed. Promising antioxidant performance of rGO-AuNPs was also proved. Furthermore, it was concluded that rGO-AuNPs acquired higher efficiency than AuNPs synthesized from the same plant extract in all of the studied applications.
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DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05596
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