Cardiac and Obstetric Complications of Pregnant Women with Rheumatic Heart Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Abstract

We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE and online sources to study cardiac and obstetric complications and rates of valvular interventions in pregnant and postpartum women with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Two authors independently extracted data and critically appraised articles. Nine full-text studies met inclusion criteria, capturing 787 pregnant women with cardiac disease, mostly RHD. Heart failure and arrhythmia occurred in at least 12.9% and up to 36% of study participants, respectively. Fifty-six deaths were reported from cardiac causes. Preterm labor/delivery was the most reported obstetric event, and few pregnant patients received any valve intervention. We found that women with RHD in SSA are at risk for adverse cardiac and obstetric outcomes in pregnancy, particularly heart failure and preterm labor. Future efforts may include registries focused on pregnant women with RHD and scaling cardiac interventional capacity to benefit pregnant women with RHD in SSA.