Cancer: a looming public health crisis in Africa—a call to accelerate equitable access to medicines

Abstract

The global incidence of cancer is on the rise, with Africa experiencing a particularly steep increase in both cancer incidence and mortality. This upward trend is driven by a combination of factors, including population growth, poverty, aging, urbanization, and the adoption of lifestyles that increase the risk of cancer. It is projected that from 2022 to 2045, the incidence of cancer in Africa will increase by 106.8%, while cancer mortality will rise by 111.7% if no action is taken. In contrast, Europe is expected to see increases of only 22.5% in incidence and 32.2% in mortality. Despite global advancements in cancer care, Africa continues to grapple with significant inequities in access to cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. These disparities are primarily driven by financial barriers, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and imbalances in the global pharmaceutical market. As a result, we are witnessing a troubling rise in premature deaths and their associated consequences. This paper delves into the escalating public health crisis of cancer in Africa. The authors highlight the urgent need to improve access to essential cancer medicines for all affected individuals. Additionally, the paper calls for policy reforms and a coordinated, collaborative effort among stakeholders-including governments, international organizations, and pharmaceutical companies-to ensure equitable access to treatments and improve outcomes for cancer patients in Africa. Addressing this crisis requires alignment with the sustainable development goals to prevent avoidable deaths.