Can the pre-reversal enhancement outside the conventional ±5° geomagnetic latitude equatorial belt be neglected in climatological models?

Abstract

• -Estimation of the ionospheric vertical plasma drift associated with the pre-reversal enhancement at Malindi (Africa) and Jatai (Brazil). • -The pre-reversal enhancement is clearly observed at both stations, even though they lie outside the conventional ±5° geomagnetic latitude equatorial belt. • -The derived vertical drifts are compared with predictions from the IRI model and a neural network–based model.