Burden, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Malaria in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

Abstract

Abstract Background Nigeria ranks number one globally in malaria burden, with the exact burden, especially for hospitalization, unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis intend to fill this gap by pooling the analysis of pediatric malaria and associated factors in Nigeria. Methods and Analysis A comprehensive search strategy using MeSH terms, text words, and entry terms will be applied to six databases: PubMed, Embase, EBSCO Hosts, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligible studies will be observational and published in English from inception till June 30, 2025. The primary outcome is the pooled prevalence of pediatric malaria [overall, severe malaria vs. uncomplicated]. Secondary outcomes include factors influencing clinical presentation, severity, and outcomes, as well as the effects of moderators such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Data extraction will capture study characteristics, participant demographics, and outcome measures. Methodological, clinical, and statistical heterogeneity will be assessed. Risk of bias will be evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias will be examined using funnel plots, Egger’s regression. Pooled estimates will be reported with 95% confidence intervals. This will summarize the data on pediatric malaria in Nigeria. Using the random-effects models, the pooled prevalence along with the 95% CI and the I 2 for the test of heterogeneity will be reported. We will report the meta-regression analysis of factors influencing pediatric malaria in Nigeria. Conclusions This study will provide robust data on pediatric malaria and associated factors in Nigeria. The findings from this study will inform the country’s policy and public health approach as the nation strives to eliminate malaria in line with the WHO’s goals. PROSPERO Registration Number CRD420251163322