Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Things: A Literature Review

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT), which consists of billions of internet-based interconnected devices, has been im-pacting our lives recently. The Recent enhancements in the IoT environment face serious safety risks and increase the possibility of data privacy attacks. It is necessary to provide confidence and improve trust in this massive incoming information source. Blockchain technology has emerged as a crucial option for solving the issues of IoT ecosystems. Despite the growing interest in leveraging blockchain for IoT, there remains a lack of compre-hensive analysis that consolidates and compares existing solutions based on the core challenges of security, scalability, trust, and traceability, all of which are critical in IoT environments. To address this gap, we conducted a structured search across IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on high-quality studies (Q1 and Q2) published between 2019 and 2024. Our review aims to classify and analyze these solutions by thematic focus, highlight unresolved issues, and identify promising directions for future research.