article · Scientific Reports
A green synthesis method has been established to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles using cell-free supernatant from the bacterium Priestia megaterium. Formation of the nanoparticles was indicated by a colour change from yellow to pale brown upon reacting with zinc nitrate. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses revealed semi-spherical nanoparticles measuring between 5.77 and 13.9 nanometres, coated in a protective protein-carbohydrate matrix containing functional groups such as amines, alcohols, and phenols. Zeta potential testing confirmed particle stability with a negative surface charge of minus 16.2 millivolts. Biological testing through cell viability assays demonstrated half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 8.42 percent against human A375 skin melanoma cells and 200 percent against human bone marrow 2M-302 cells. These outcomes show biocompatibility and indicate potential utility within the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
Finding ecological, non-toxic methods for manufacturing nanomaterials reduces reliance on hazardous chemical processes. By using bacteria to synthesise stable zinc oxide nanoparticles, this approach provides a sustainable route to produce biocompatible materials. Demonstrating differential effects between melanoma and bone marrow cells helps establish a foundation for safer materials in health-related technologies.
The abstract notes potential applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors, where developers of therapeutics or medical coatings could utilise green-synthesised nanomaterials. The research remains at an early laboratory stage, having confirmed synthesis, physical characteristics, and basic in vitro cell viability. Substantial pre-clinical validation and manufacturing scale-up would be necessary before these nanoparticles could be formulated into commercial health products.
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The current study aimed to find an effective, simple, ecological, and nontoxic method for bacterial green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using the bacterial strain Priestia megaterium BASMA 2022 (OP572246). The biosynthesis was confirmed by the change in color of the cell-free supernatant added to the zinc nitrate from yellow to pale brown. The Priestia megaterium zinc oxide nanoparticles (Pm/ZnONPs) were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential. The Pm/ZnONPs characterization showed that they have a size ranging between 5.77 and 13.9 nm with a semi-sphere shape that is coated with a protein-carbohydrate complex. An EDX analysis of the Pm/ZnONPs revealed the presence of the shield matrix, which was composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, potassium, sodium, aluminum, sulfur, and zinc. The results of the FTIR analysis showed that the reduction and stabilization of the zinc salt solution were caused by the presence of O-H alcohols and phenols, O=C=O stretching of carbon dioxide, N=C=S stretching of isothiocyanate, and N-H bending of amine functional groups. The produced ZnONPs had good stability with a charge of - 16.2 mV, as evidenced by zeta potential analysis. The MTT assay revealed IC<sub>50</sub> values of 8.42% and 200%, respectively, for the human A375 skin melanoma and human bone marrow 2M-302 cell lines. These findings revealed that the obtained Pm/ZnONPs have the biocompatibility to be applied in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54460-8
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