article · Heliyon
Heavy metal pollution in water systems poses a serious danger to human health. Nickel oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using a green coprecipitation method mediated by Hagenia abyssinica plant extract, which functioned as both a reducing and templating agent. These biogenic nanoparticles were evaluated as an adsorbent to eliminate lead ions from aqueous solutions. Structural and surface characterisation revealed a material with a high surface area of 151 square metres per gram. Under laboratory conditions, testing varied parameters including pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial lead concentration. The material achieved an optimal lead removal efficiency of 99.99 per cent from a 60 milligram per litre lead solution using 0.06 grams of the nanoparticles over an 80-minute interaction period. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was identified as chemisorption on a heterogeneous surface, and reusability tests confirmed the adsorbent remained effective for up to five cycles.
Lead contamination in water resources is a widespread environmental and public health threat. Developing green, plant-mediated synthesis methods provides an eco-friendly way to produce functional nanomaterials for water purification. Demonstrating high adsorption rates and material reusability offers a sustainable path toward reducing toxic heavy metals in water systems using biological alternatives to harsh chemical synthesis routes.
This work demonstrates an applied, early-stage laboratory process for water treatment and environmental remediation. The technology could eventually serve municipal water treatment facilities or industrial operations that must remove heavy metals from wastewater. As testing was confined to batch aqueous solutions and five reusability cycles in a laboratory setting, further scaling, operational validation in complex effluent streams, and economic assessments are required before real-world commercialisation.
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The spread of heavy metal in water bodies, particularly lead (Pb), has occurred as a global threat to human existence. In this study, NiO NPs was prepared by coprecipitation approach using Hagenia abyssinica plant extract mediated as a reducing and template agent for the removal of Pb from aqueous solution. X-ray crystallographic diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques were employed for the characterization of as prepared NiO NPs. The efficacy of adsorbent was evaluated on the removal of Pb 2+ by varying the adsorptive parameters such as pH, Bio-NiO amount, interaction time, and Pb 2+ concentration. The adsorption was 99.99% at pH 0.06 g of NiO NPs dose, 60 mg L -1 concentrations of Pb 2+ within 80 min contact time. The higher removal efficiency is could be due to higher surface area (151m 2 g -1 ). The adsorption process was best fitted with Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models, implying that it was chemical adsorption on the heterogeneous surface. The adsorption intensity (n) was found to be 1/n<1 (0.47) indicating adsorption of Pb 2+ on the surface of Bio-NiO NPs was favorable with a maximum adsorption capacity 60.13 mgg -1 . The reusability studies confirmed that the synthesized bio-NiO NPs were an effective adsorbent for removing Pb 2+ from aqueous solution up to five cycles.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31669
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