article · Results in Engineering
A composite adsorbent combining bentonite and amino-functionalised cellulose was synthesised by intercalating a surfactant into bentonite and exfoliating the product into amino-functionalised cellulose. Batch experiments examined how solution pH, contact time, initial lead concentration, and adsorbent dosage affected lead removal. Combining modified bentonite and amino-functionalised cellulose produced a synergistic effect, achieving a lead uptake of 69 milligrams per gram. This exceeded the capacities of modified bentonite alone, amino-functionalised cellulose alone, and an unmodified bentonite-cellulose composite, assisted by amino groups introduced via ethylenediamine grafting. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer chemisorption onto heterogeneous active sites with a predicted maximum capacity of 71.869 milligrams per gram. Furthermore, regeneration tests demonstrated that the composite maintained its lead uptake performance across four consecutive cycles.
Lead pollution in water is a persistent environmental hazard that demands efficient purification technologies. Combining modified natural clay with functionalised plant-derived polymers creates an adsorbent capable of rapid, high-capacity pollutant removal. Because the material can be regenerated and reused across multiple cycles without losing its effectiveness, it presents a practical basis for cleaner, more sustainable water treatment solutions.
This material is relevant to industrial wastewater treatment facilities and water purification operators requiring specialised adsorbents to eliminate toxic lead. Because the evaluation relies exclusively on laboratory-scale batch experiments and four-cycle reusability trials, the technology is at an early research stage. Real-world application would require testing under continuous-flow conditions and validation using complex, multi-pollutant industrial effluents.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
In this study, bentonite/amino-functionalized cellulose composite (BAC) adsorbent was synthesized by intercalating the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant (HDTMA) into bentonite followed by exfoliating the HDTMA-modified bentonite (MB) into amino-functionalized cellulose (AC). The physicochemical properties of BAC were evaluated by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, TGA, and Zeta potential measurement. A series of batch mode adsorption experiments were carried out to identify the optimal adsorption conditions as a function of experimental variables such as pH of solution, uptake time, initial Pb2+ concentrations, BAC dosage, and assess both percent removal (%) and Pb2+ uptake (mg g−1). The result demonstrated that the synergetic advantage of combining HDTMA-modified bentonite (MB) and amino-functionalized cellulose (AC) in Pb2+ uptake (69 mg g−1) surpassed that of HDTMA-modified bentonite (12.14 mg g−1) and amino-functionalized cellulose (31.33 mg g−1) alone. Further, Pb2+ uptake onto BAC was higher than the HDTMA-modified bentonite/cellulose composite (BC) (42.12 mg g−1) due to the introduction of the amino group to cellulose through grafting with ethylenediamine (EDA). The adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by BAC fit well with pseudo - 2nd-order kinetic (R2 = 0.998) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999) models. The kinetic study indicated that the active sites in the BAC exhibit heterogeneity and possess different activation energies for chemisorption. The monolayer attachment of Pb2+ onto the BAC surface was realized from the isotherm study, and the maximum predicted adsorption capacity was found to be 71.869 mg g−1. Regeneration studies showed that BAC maintained its good Pb2+ uptake capacity for up to four cycles.
This page summarises published work. The authoritative version sits with the publisher.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.101756
Is something wrong with this record? Report it or request removal.
Discussion
Have you built on this work, tried to replicate it, or seen it applied in practice? Share what you know. Verified researchers and MARATTO™ domain experts can open a discussion, and any member can reply. Contributions are reviewed before they appear.
No discussion yet. Open the first thread.
New to MARATTO™? Create a free account.
