article · European Journal of Plant Pathology
Globally, eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals are increasingly sought to limit pollution in terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic environments, while supporting United Nations sustainable development goals. In response, many countries are exploring the production of natural herbicides, fertilisers, and pesticides derived from botanical sources, algae, and animal manure. Specific plants, including species of thyme, fennel, dill, clove, pine, citrus, pepper, and spearmint, produce essential oils with safe chemical constituents capable of managing pest infestations. Macroalgae, such as Cladophora and Laurencia species, also serve as viable biological sources for pest control compounds. Examining these organisms highlights their geographical distribution, biological modes of action against target agricultural pests, and their prospects for commercial viability across farming sectors seeking sustainable crop protection solutions.
Chemical agrochemicals contribute heavily to the contamination of soil, air, and marine ecosystems, as well as driving broader environmental degradation. Identifying plant and algal extracts that safely control pests offers a sustainable pathway to protect crops. Understanding the viability and performance of these natural alternatives assists farmers and environmental managers in meeting international sustainable development targets without compromising pest management.
The review addresses the commercial viability, target pests, and modes of action of biopesticides sourced from specific plants and algae. This analysis is relevant to agrochemical manufacturers and bio-input developers seeking formulations derived from essential oils and marine biomass. However, because the text reflects a secondary review assessing various biological candidates rather than testing a specific product, the findings remain at an evaluation stage rather than indicating an immediate commercial launch.
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Abstract Presently, the world is using eco-friendly products to limit pollution in soil, air, water, and marine environments and to mitigate rapid climate change according to the sustainable development goals of the United Nations Development Programme. As a result, most countries attempt to produce environmentally friendly herbicides, fertilizers, and pesticides from plants, algae (e.g., Cladophora glomerata, Laurencia pinnata , Plocamium cartilagineum, Polcamium spp.) or animal manure. Plants, such as Anethum sowa , Thymus vulgaris , Foeniculum vulgare , Syzygium aromaticum , Pinus sylvestris , Citrus spp., Piper spp. and Mentha spicata , are ecofriendly sources of essential oils, containing safe components, which can resist harmful pests. This review evaluates the common plants and algae used for extracting biopesticides, geographical distribution, target pests, mode of action, and commercial viability.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10658-024-02865-6
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