Attributes and Fertility Ranking of Lade Soils in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

Abstract

A major constraint restraining agricultural production in Nigeria is the scarcity of gen on soil property. The concomitant improper land use results in land degradation and dwindled agrarian efficiency. Consequently, this study seeks to assess the physicochemical attributes and classify and rank Lade soils according to fertility potential. The free survey was conducted to collect representative soil data. Six (6) profile pits designated L1 to L6 were dug to characterize the mapping units using soil samples obtained from horizons in respective profiles for the study of physical and chemical characteristics employing standard laboratory techniques. Profile description and soil classification at the Great Group level followed USDA guidelines. Fertility Capability Classification system was used to evaluate the soils for arable cropping. Soil was indicative of a relatively high structural index (>9%), strong to slightly acidic (4.0 – 6.3). Organic carbon (8.02 – 9.24 g kg -1 ), available P (9.66 – 25.76 mg kg -1 ) and total N (0.09 – 0.34 g kg -1 ) were mostly moderate. Extractable bases ranged from high to very high while soil color diverse from dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) on the surface to reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) in the subsoils. Soils L1 - L6 were classified as Endoaqualfs, Kandiustalfs, Haplustalfs, Haplustalfs, Plinthustalfs and Kandiustalfs, respectively. Potential suitability for arable crop place pedons L1 and L3 in class S2 (moderately suitable), whereas other pedons were rated as S3 (marginally suitable). The study gives an insight into the judicious use of inorganic fertilizer combined with good residue management and drainage for fertility improvement of the soil. Keywords : Characterization, Fertility capability classification, nutrient status, sandstone, soil taxonomy