Attitudes of mHealth end-users toward integrating mobile technology in HIV program monitoring in Cameroon

Abstract

Background: HIV/AIDS is a major public health issue in Cameroon. Traditional paper-based monitoring systems often fail to provide timely and accurate data, essential for effective program management. The increasing availability of mobile phones and internet services presents an opportunity for mHealth technologies to improve data collection and monitoring. However, the successful integration of mHealth into existing systems requires an understanding of the attitudes and challenges faced by end-users. This study explores the attitudes of mHealth end-users and the challenges they face in integrating mobile technology into HIV program monitoring in Cameroon. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving both qualitative and quantitative data collection. The study included 251 respondents from 4 regions (East, Adamawa, Centre, and Littoral) and 4 FGDs. Data were collected using questionnaires and focus group discussion guides. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed using Nvivo9 with an inductive thematic approach. Results: The quantitative analysis revealed that 78% of respondents had a good attitude toward mHealth, with a mean score of 4.48 ± 0.956. A significant difference was found in the mean attitude scores between those categorized as having good (M = 4.94, SD = 0.244) and poor attitudes (M = 2.71, SD = 0.540; t = -42.50, df = 237, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings supported these results, with most FGD participants expressing a preference for mobile applications over traditional methods due to ease of use and efficiency. Factors such as region of work (F = 5.259, p = 0.002) and educational level (F = 13.45, p < 0.001) significantly influenced attitudes toward mHealth, while age and work experience did not show significant associations. Key challenges identified include the need for better training and support for mHealth technologies, issues with the reliability of mobile devices, and the need for integration with existing systems. Conclusion: There is strong support for the use of mobile technology in improving data collection and patient care. There is a generally positive attitude toward mHealth among end-users in Cameroon, with significant support for its continued integration into HIV program monitoring. However, challenges such as device usability and internet access need to be addressed to enhance the effectiveness of mHealth interventions. Future initiatives should consider these factors to improve data collection and program monitoring in Cameroon.