Association Between Leukocytospermia and Varicocele in Patients With Infertility

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Male infertility is a complex condition affected by multiple anatomical, physiological, and biochemical factors. Among the most commonly risk factors are leukocytospermia and varicocele, which are associated with increased oxidative stress and affected sperm function. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to address the association between leukocytospermia and varicocele in patients with infertility. METHODS: We had revised the studies from 2000-2025 that addressed the role of each leukocytospermia, varicocele and both of them on infertility. RESULTS: Recent studies have suggested a potential link between leukocytospermia and varicocele, particularly in infertile patients, with each condition potentially exacerbating the detrimental effects of the other. CONCLUSION: This review had explored the independent and combined impacts of leukocytospermia and varicocele on semen parameters and hormonal profiles, shedding light on their roles in male infertility and underlining the importance of integrated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.