Assessment of Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin C Status in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood of Intrapartum Women in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Zinc, selenium, and vitamin C are vital antioxidants that mitigate oxidative stress. Pregnancy-induced metabolic changes may alter their levels, affecting maternal and fetal health. AIM: This study evaluated zinc, selenium, and vitamin C concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood of women in labor in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 48 mother-neonate pairs. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples (5 mL each) were collected postpartum. Zinc and selenium were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while vitamin C was measured colorimetrically. RESULTS: Mean maternal and cord serum zinc levels were 41.61 ± 2.45 µg/dL and 42.65 ± 4.7 µg/dL, respectively, indicating deficiency. Selenium averaged 168.10 ± 14.47 µg/L in maternal serum and 197.56 ± 16.74 µg/L in cord blood, with neonatal levels exceeding physiological limits. Vitamin C concentrations were 7.53 ± 0.26 mg/L (maternal) and 7.11 ± 0.50 mg/L (cord), both within normal ranges. Correlation analysis showed a weak maternal-cord zinc relationship (r = 0.11, P = 0.46), a significant positive correlation for selenium (r = 0.48, P = 0.00059), and a slight negative correlation for vitamin C (r = -0.022, P = 0.88). CONCLUSION: Zinc deficiency in maternal and cord blood highlights the need for routine monitoring and supplementation. Elevated neonatal selenium suggests potential toxicity risks, requiring further research. Adequate vitamin C levels indicate sufficient nutrition, supporting immune function and oxidative stress reduction. These findings emphasize the importance of maternal micronutrient balance for neonatal health.