Assessment of the Use of Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Analysis for the Selection of Pumped-Storage Energy Storage Sites: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review is in the field of renewable energy and assesses the effectiveness of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in selecting sites for pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) installations. The studies reviewed include articles, theses, and book chapters published between 2000 and June 2024, utilizing methodologies that combine GIS and MCDA for PHES site planning, along with an assessment of site selection criteria. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a total of nine (09) documents were selected, ensuring a rigorous and transparent selection process. The findings indicate that the combined use of GIS and MCDA is generally effective in identifying potential sites for PHES installations, considering a range of environmental, economic, and technical criteria. However, certain challenges were also highlighted, such as limited availability of geospatial data and the complexity of decision-making models. While these approaches offer numerous advantages in terms of accuracy and efficiency, limitations also exist, particularly regarding the need for advanced technical skills and high implementation costs. By applying PRISMA standards, this review provides a comprehensive and structured analysis of current methodologies. It sheds light on the trends, benefits, and limitations of using GIS and MCDA for PHES site planning, forming a reliable foundation for future research aimed at optimizing these approaches.