article · International Journal of Advanced Research
Piper umbellatum is traditionally used in Cote dIvoire to manage kidney ailments and arterial hypertension. An evaluation of its aqueous leaf extract in male and female Wistar rats examined its phytochemical constituents alongside its impact on blood biomarkers and organ histology. Chemical screening revealed saponins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenoids, coumarins, tannins, and phenolic compounds, whilst alkaloids were absent. Testing across doses up to 1000 mg/kg demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in serum urea and creatinine levels in male rats at the highest dose compared to controls. Blood count and liver enzymes, including ASAT and ALAT, were assessed alongside tissue samples. Microscopic examination showed no evidence of structural damage to renal or hepatic tissues. These findings indicate that the leaf extract lowers key renal biomarkers without causing liver or kidney toxicity in the animal model.
Traditional medicine often relies on plant remedies whose biological effects remain unverified. By confirming that Piper umbellatum leaves lower renal biomarkers such as urea and creatinine without damaging kidney or liver tissue in rats, this work provides preliminary experimental support for the plant's traditional use in treating kidney ailments and highlights specific phytochemical classes that warrant further therapeutic investigation.
The research represents early-stage laboratory work evaluating crude plant extracts in animal models. It may interest pharmaceutical researchers, herbal medicine developers, and nutraceutical formulators investigating plant-derived treatments for renal health. However, real-world therapeutic application remains distant, as isolating active compounds, validating efficacy, testing safety across human trials, and establishing standardised dosing are necessary next steps.
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Medicinal plants are used in traditional and alternative medicine for the management and prevention of various diseases.Piper umbellatum is used in Cote dIvoire to treat numerous kidney ailments and arterial hypertension.The aim of this study is to evaluate these effects on biomarkers and the histology of the kidney and liver.In this experimental study, 20 male and 20 female rats were divided randomly into 4 groups by gender (n=5) as control and three experimental groups receiving different doses of EAPu (400, 800 and 1000 mg/kg). At the end of the treatment, blood samples were taken from caudal vein, and serum urea, creatinine, ASAT and ALAT and blood count were analyzed and compared in control. All the animal’s kidneys and liver were exposed after dissection, and tissue sections were prepared for histopathological evaluation. Phytochemical analysis identified the presence of saponins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenoids, coumarins, tannins, and phenolic compounds, whereas alkaloids were not detected. A significant decrease in ureaand creatininelevels was observed only in males, compared to the control group, at the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW (p < 0.05). No evidence of damage to renal and liver tissue was observed in this study. In conclusion, the aqueous extract reduced serum urea and creatinine levels, likely due to the identified phytochemicals of therapeutic interest, withoutinducing nephrotoxicity.
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DOI: 10.21474/ijar01/23936
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