Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Sickle Cell Disease in Souza, Cameroon

Abstract

IntroductionSickle cell disease is a major hereditary genetic disease affecting public health in sub-Saharan Africa, where morbidity and mortality remain high due to low screening coverage and inadequate care. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of populations play a key role in the prevention and management of the disease. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population of Souza with regard to sickle cell disease.MethodsA quantitative descriptive cross-sectional KAP study was conducted from December 2024 to August 2025 in the Bayon neighbourhood (Souza, Cameroon). A non-probability convenience sample was used to include 234 participants aged 18 years and older. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered face-to-face. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed using RStudio, using the chi-square test with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05.ResultsIn total, 50.43% of participants had a low level of knowledge about sickle cell disease, and 54.70% reported having no prior knowledge. Attitudes were desirable or good in 75.8% of respondents, while 45.3% adopted inappropriate practices. Level of knowledge, attitudes and practices were significantly associated with age, level of education and occupation (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study reveals significant gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practices related to sickle cell disease in the Bayon neighbourhood of Souza. The results highlight the need to strengthen community health education and promote screening in order to reduce morbidity related to sickle cell disease.