Assessment of Antimicrobial Properties of Artemisia annua L. Solvent Extracts Against Clinical E. coli Isolates"

Abstract

Many plants are used to treat specific diseases due to their proven antimicrobial properties. Artemisia annua, in particular, has been widely studied for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. This research aims to evaluate the antibacterial effects of chloroform, methanol, and ethanol extracts of A. annua against twenty clinical bacterial isolates and determine their antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the agar disc diffusion method.The findings revealed that all twenty isolates were identified as E. coli. Out of these, six isolates (30%) exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR) to three or more different classes of antibiotics. The ethanolic extract of A. annua showed a greater effect compared to the methanolic and chloroform extracts on the selected isolates, with isolate E.18 demonstrating a 22 mm zone of inhibition.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, amino acids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids. Among the tested extracts, the ethanolic extract showed the most potent MIC results at a concentration of 60 mg/ml. These results indicate that Artemisia annua extracts could be useful as medicinal agents or preservatives.