Assessing yield gaps in cotton production: Insights from cotton farmers in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the yield gap in cotton production in Adamawa State, northeastern Nigeria, focusing on the gap between actual farm yields and potential yields derived from research stations and demonstration plots. The research employs a multi-stage sampling procedure to select cotton farmers across the state's four agricultural zones. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires, while secondary data on potential yields from research stations and demonstration plots were also utilized. The study finds significant discrepancies in input use, with the over-application of nitrogen and potassium, and the under-application of phosphorus. The yield gap analysis reveals that the average farm yield is considerably lower than both demonstration plot yields and the potential yield from research stations, with a total yield gap of 56.7%. Multiple regression analysis identifies key factors influencing the yield gap, including seed rate, nitrogen, and education, with the seed rate gap showing the most substantial impact on yield. The findings suggest that addressing input inefficiencies, particularly in seed and nitrogen use, and improving farmer education could significantly enhance cotton productivity in the region.