Assessing the state of domestic water sources in rural communities in South Africa

Abstract

Access to clean drinking water is a fundamental necessity for human health and well-being, yet it remains a challenge in many rural communities. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, one of the 17 global goals set by the United Nations, seeks to ensure universal access to safe drinking water by 2030, recognising its critical role in sustainable development. This study examines the state and categorisation of domestic water sources in rural communities, focusing on their implications for household water security. A quantitative approach was employed in a local municipality in South Africa, targeting 282 households selected through stratified random sampling across 17 wards. Data was collected using structured survey questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics in SPSS. Findings reveal that while piped water infrastructure exists, a significant proportion of households still depend on springs and rivers, raising concerns about reliability, quality, and long-term sustainability. The study concludes that rural water insecurity persists and recommends that local government authorities prioritise the expansion of borehole infrastructure and enhance the reliability of piped water systems to improve household water security in underserved areas.The study is significant in that access to safe and reliable water is a fundamental human right crucial for health, hygiene, and overall well-being. The study provides essential data on the quality and sustainability of rural water sources, enabling policymakers and development agencies to design targeted interventions. The supports better resource allocation, community-based management, and progress towards water security and socio-economic development goals.