ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (PIs) FOR GREEN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT (GPP) IMPLEMENTATION

Abstract

Green Public Procurement (GPP) serves as a strategic policy instrument for leveraging state purchasing power to drive environmental sustainability, resource efficiency, and market transformation. However, evaluating the operational efficacy of GPP implementation across public sector organizations remains challenging due to fragmented performance measurement frameworks. This paper assesses the significance of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in evaluating GPP implementation across public sector Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs). This paper specifically identifies, assesses, and determines the significance of PIs for GPP implementation within the Public Procuring Entities (PPEs). This study adopted both realist ontology stance and positivist epistemology perspective as its philosophical stance and employed a quantitative research design. A total of 254 questionnaires were distributed to respondents (i.e. procurement officers from the Federal Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) in Nigeria). A total of 141 valid questionnaires were retrieved from the survey which represents 55.5% of valid response rate and subsequently analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and python 3.14.3 amd64. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected from procurement practitioners across MDAs and analyzed using descriptive statistical metrics, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The study determined that the Nigerian MDAs possess exceptional internal consistency (alpha=0.963) demonstrating research instrument excellent reliability. The descriptive findings reveal that Policy Integration and Mandate into Regulatory Structures (Overall Mean=4.55, SD=0.78) and Monitoring and Evaluation of Resource and Energy Efficiency (Overall Mean=4.55, SD=0.71) emerged as joint top-ranked performance indicators (Rank=1). Conversely, socio-economic dimensions such as Gender Responsiveness in Public Procurement Distribution (Overall Mean=3.34, Rank=17) recorded lower relative prioritization. ANOVA results (F=2.338, p=0.07654) demonstrate no statistically significant divergence across institutional tiers (p>0.05), confirming a unified structural consensus on GPP performance metrics across MDAs. Furthermore, EFA extracted three latent dimensions accounting for 75.34% of cumulative variance: Environmental Accountability & Regulatory Mandates (42.87%), Operational Stakeholder Collaboration & Supply Chain Oversight (17.44%), and Socio-Economic Governance & Operational Equality Systems (15.03%). The study concludes that while public sector performance frameworks are heavily anchored in hard legal mandates and technical eco-efficiency metrics, achieving full green practice requires elevating supply-chain due diligence and socioeconomic equality criteria. Strategic recommendations are provided for policymakers, procuring entities, and supply chain partners.