Assessing Knowledge and Perceptions of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Its Impact on the Nervous System

Abstract

Introduction Vitamin B12 is essential for neurological function and overall health and wellness. Vitamin B12 deficiency, which is globally prevalent, can lead to severe neurological disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate awareness and knowledge of Vitamin B12 deficiency and its impact on the nervous system among residents of Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods This descriptive cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire targeting adults ≥ 18 years of age residing in Makkah City. Data were collected from 400 participants and analyzed using SPSS version 27.0.1 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Eighty-nine percent of participants were aware of vitamin B12 deficiency; however, only 39.6% were tested for vitamin B12 levels. Females had higher knowledge scores (median score: 9.00) than males (median: 7.00). Pregnant women had higher knowledge scores (median: 11.00) and supplement use (66.7%). Among participants ≥46 years of age, 47.4% used supplements, whereas only 16.4% of those aged 18-25 did so. No significant differences in knowledge were found across education levels. Individuals in the workforce were more likely to take supplements than students. Testing for vitamin B12 levels was linked to higher supplement use, with 43.6% of those taking supplements compared with 13.5% of those who were not tested. Participants who were aware of the neurological effects of vitamin B12 deficiency were more likely to use supplements. Conclusion The results of this study highlight the gap between awareness and actions regarding vitamin B12 deficiency in Makkah City. Improved public health education and increased accessibility to Vitamin B12 testing are essential to prevent deficiencies and severe neurological complications.