review · Microchemical Journal
Natural deep eutectic solvents are emerging as sustainable alternatives to conventional chemicals in analytical sample preparation. When paired with liquid phase microextraction, these solvents offer high solubility, low volatility, minimal toxicity, and customisable properties. They can efficiently extract bioactive compounds from natural materials while preserving the molecular structure and biological activity of the target substances. Beyond sample extraction, these natural solvents can act as reaction media and catalysts, improve the bioavailability of compounds, and serve as stationary or mobile phases in chromatographic separation. Because their ingredients are readily available, inexpensive, and biodegradable, natural deep eutectic solvents provide an environmentally responsible method for sample processing. Overall, incorporating these green solvents into microextraction supports sustainable practices across analytical chemistry laboratories while delivering reliable analyte stabilisation and compatibility with standard analytical detection systems.
Conventional laboratory chemical testing often depends on toxic, volatile solvents that generate hazardous waste and pose safety risks. Natural deep eutectic solvents offer an environmentally friendly alternative made from accessible, biodegradable components. Adopting these green solvents helps laboratories lower chemical waste, reduce health hazards for technical staff, and achieve cleaner processing without sacrificing extraction efficiency or damaging sensitive natural compounds.
This work points to applications in analytical testing, natural product extraction, and chromatographic analysis across commercial testing laboratories and pharmaceutical or nutraceutical sectors. Potential users include analytical chemists seeking to replace hazardous solvents with biodegradable, cost-effective options. Given that this review outlines solvent characteristics and extraction performance reported across the literature, the underlying methodology sits at an applied laboratory research stage rather than representing a packaged commercial product.
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Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have gained significant attention as green solvents due to their unique properties, such as high solubility, low volatility, low toxicity, and tunability. Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) is a sample preparation technique that plays a crucial role in analytical chemistry, and the use of NADES as extraction solvents in LPME offers numerous benefits compared to traditional solvents. NADES can effectively extract bioactive compounds from natural sources without damaging their structure and activity. They can also serve as solvents and catalysts in organic reactions, enhancing the bioavailability of natural compounds. In addition, NADES can be utilized as mobile or stationary phases in chromatographic techniques for separating and analyzing natural compounds. The review highlights the efficiency of NADES in terms of extraction ability, analyte stabilization capacity, and detection compatibility. Moreover, the availability of their components, ease of preparation, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability make NADES attractive for researchers in the field of analytical chemistry. The applications of NADES in LPME contribute to the principles of green analytical chemistry and green sample preparation by providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to sample preparation. A comprehensive overview of the applications of NADES in liquid phase microextraction is provided, emphasizing their potential for advancing green practices in analytical chemistry.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2024.110178
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