Applications of Mushrooms in the Management of Cancers

Abstract

Cancer, with its numerous symptoms and high mortality rates, continues to be a global health challenge. The need for novel, tailored anticancer drugs is critical. Mushrooms have attracted attention for their possible medical importance due to their wide species diversity. They are high in carbohydrates, proteins and polyphenolic compounds. According to recent studies, these fungi contain unique bioactive chemicals with nutraceutical that also with health-promoting effects. Tumor-fighting characteristics’ main modes of operation found in some mushrooms include immunomodulation, angiogenesis inhibition, DNA repair disruption, apoptosis induction, and metastasis. Various mushroom species have been discovered to have anti-cancer properties such as Agaricus bisporus with anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Anti-inflammatory ergostanes found in Antrodia cinnamomea and cordycepin from Cordyceps sinensis influence cancer cells. Coriolus versicolor contributes immune-enhancing polysaccharides, while Ganoderma lucidum inhibits cancer proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Maitake mushrooms, with their β-glucans and D-fraction, induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. Shiitake and oyster mushrooms also exhibit anticancer potential. These mushroom-derived components offer promise for innovative cancer therapies, including vaccine-based methods, immune-enhancing polysaccharides, and nanoparticles.