article · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Point-of-care testing devices provide essential medical surveillance and enable patients to perform self-analysis, improving treatment adherence and reducing demands on healthcare facilities. Next-generation testing systems, including smartphone-linked tests, paper-based assays, and lab-on-a-chip devices, face ongoing challenges around high costs, accuracy, and the need for operator independence. To address these demands, researchers have turned to nanomaterials, particularly metal-organic frameworks. Owing to their specific physicochemical properties, metal-organic framework nanoparticles are increasingly integrated into diagnostic tools to improve analytical performance and simplify testing procedures. They have been deployed in colorimetric and electrochemical detection systems, and they serve as robust carriers for plasmonic biosensors that need to withstand harsh environmental conditions. Synthesising and characterising these frameworks effectively supports the ongoing development of reliable, decentralised diagnostic assays.
Decentralised medical diagnostics allow individuals to monitor health conditions outside traditional clinical environments, which eases pressure on healthcare infrastructure. Incorporating advanced materials like metal-organic frameworks helps create more dependable and user-friendly testing tools. These improvements can lower testing costs, boost measurement accuracy, and make life-saving diagnostic tests easier to run in diverse, non-laboratory settings.
The reviewed technologies enable the design of portable diagnostic tools, such as smartphone-compatible tests, paper-based assays, and lab-on-a-chip hardware for healthcare providers and patients. Because this work reviews developments from 2016 to 2023 rather than presenting a finished product, the technology appears to span early-stage research to applied laboratory testing, requiring further device integration and validation before reaching the commercial market.
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Diagnostic devices used in the point-of-care (POC) today play a critical role as tools to provide essential medical surveillance data and to ensure that patients receive appropriate and timely care. These devices also allow self-analysis by the patient, increasing therapeutic adherence as well as reducing pressure on clinical structures. The development of new diagnostic tools, therefore, represents a significant challenge from a technological point of view, both in terms of overcoming current weaknesses in costs, accuracy, and performance, and from an analytical point of view in order to develop tools that are as operator-independent as possible. Recent breakthroughs in new technologies (such as cell phone-dependent technologies, paper-based procedures, and lab-on-a-chip devices) are paving the way for the next generation of point-of-care testing (POCT). Innovative assay devices, as well as efficient reagent storage techniques, are required for new POCT technologies. Nanomaterials of different forms, sizes, and compositions, such as carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots, gold and silver nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have been created and characterized in recent years. Due to their specific physicochemical properties, MOF nanoparticles are increasingly being used in POCT to improve analytical performance and simplify testing techniques. MOFs have been used for colorimetric or electrochemical POCT and are used as carriers for plasmonic biosensors to be resistant to environmental conditions. This review will discuss the detailed role of MOF in POCT from 2016 to 2023, in addition to the chemical synthesis and characterization methods related to the uses and applications of MOF.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2024.117596
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