article · Reviews in Aquaculture
Fish meal is a common protein source in aquafeed, but its use is limited by resource scarcity and high costs. While alternative plant proteins have issues like anti-nutritional factors and unbalanced amino acids, and animal proteins offer better nutritional profiles, fermentation presents a solution. This process enhances the nutritional quality of both plant and animal protein sources by using microorganisms. Incorporating fermented ingredients into aquafeed can reduce feed costs, minimise environmental pollution, and improve nutrient efficiency. This review compiles current information on applying fermented ingredients in the aquafeed industry, aiming to support further research into producing functional feeds for sustainable aquaculture.
This research is important for developing sustainable aquaculture practices. By identifying and improving alternative protein sources for aquafeed, it addresses the economic and environmental challenges associated with traditional fish meal, contributing to more efficient and cost-effective fish farming.
This review highlights a strategy for developing more sustainable and cost-effective aquafeed. It suggests that fermented protein sources could be incorporated into commercial aquafeed products, benefiting aquaculture businesses by reducing feed costs and improving environmental performance. This is applied research, synthesising existing knowledge to inform future product development in the aquafeed industry.
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Abstract Because of its high nutritional value, palatability and increased digestibility, fishy meal is widely used as an animal protein source in the aquafeed industry. However, the resource shortages and rising prices seriously restrict the use of fish meal (FM) in aquaculture. In this light, much efforts have been conducted to seek the sustainable supplies of protein sources to substitute FM. Due to their relatively low protein content and palatability, the presence of anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs) and unbalanced amino acid profiles, the plant protein sources have been limited in aquafeed, whereas the animal protein sources can replace FM in aquafeed due to their high protein content, total digestible dry matter and lack of ANFs. The fermentation process was recognized for its role in improving the nutritional quality of animal and plant protein sources. The protein sources can be treated with appropriate microorganisms to preserve its nutrients and finally incorporated into aquafeed, which would reduce feed costs and environmental pollution. Fermented meals showed better nutrient efficiency and could improve the nutritional value of aquafeed. This review was intended to present more updated information about the application of fermented ingredients in aquafeed industry. Based on the data collected, this review will contribute to further research into the production of fermented feed as a functional feed for sustainable aquaculture.
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DOI: 10.1111/raq.12368
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