Application of Extreme Learning Machine for Shunt Faults Detection and Classification in Three-phase Transmission Line Systems

Abstract

The electrical power transmission lines play a crucial role in maintaining a continuous electricity supply. However, the exposed environment of these lines increases the risks of faults occurrence, necessitating prompt detection, and classification, to eliminate them within a specified time. In light of this, the present study introduces a methodology for the detection and classification of faults in a three-phase transmission line system employing the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). A 220 kV, 300 km three-phase transmission line system was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software, where the current and voltage signals were generated under different fault conditions including fault types, fault inception time, and fault resistance. The fundamental components of these signals were used as inputs in the ELM model. Different shunt fault types, including line-to-ground, line-to-line, double-line-to-ground, triple-line, and triple-line-to-ground were applied for fault detection and classification framework. Furthermore, the optimum number of hidden neurons in the ELM model was investigated in this study. In terms of the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and correlation coefficient, four ELM variants based on Sine, Sigmoid, Radial Basis, and Triangular Basis transfer functions were assessed for each module. The outcome of these metrics indicates that the ELM with the sigmoid model demonstrated superior performance compared to the other ELM models. Based on statistical metrics MSE, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and also the computational time, the efficiency of ELM-Sigmoid and state-of-the-art methods of Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) were compared and analyzed during training and testing phases. The results obtained revealed that the ELM-Sigmoid model outperforms the other models in the detection and classification of shunt faults with significant accuracy and fast computational speed.