article · Symmetry
Small-scale wind turbines provide a cost-effective option for off-grid electricity generation in locations such as rural homes, farms, and small businesses. To operate efficiently, these systems must continuously extract maximum power under changing wind speeds and electrical loads. A maximum power point tracking method based on synergetic control theory addresses non-linear turbine behaviour without needing wind speed sensors, detailed knowledge of turbine characteristics, or complex power electronics. Evaluated in a system comprising a permanent magnet synchronous generator, an uncontrolled rectifier, and a boost converter, the control method delivers fast response times and low steady-state oscillations. The technique was tested under step changes in wind speed, stochastic wind variations, and varying electrical loads using simulation tools, a digital control board, and experimental validation on a 1 kW Darrieus-type wind turbine.
Off-grid renewable power generation relies on extracting the highest possible energy from variable environmental sources. By removing the need for wind sensors and intricate electronics while maintaining stable power output, this control approach simplifies turbine hardware. This can make small-scale wind power more dependable and economical for isolated communities, agricultural operations, and small commercial facilities needing decentralised electricity.
The method targets small-scale wind generation systems, especially off-grid installations for farms, rural dwellings, and small factories. Because the controller works without physical wind sensors and uses standard converter hardware, it offers potential savings in manufacturing and maintenance. Having progressed through simulations and experimental testing on a physical 1 kW turbine using a dSPACE control board, the technology is applied and tested, though it requires packaging into commercial embedded controllers for market readiness.
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The synergetic control technique (SCT) has the solution for understanding the symmetry inherent in the non-linear properties of wind turbines (WTs); therefore, they achieve excellent performance and enhance the operation of the WT. Small-scale WTs are efficient and cost-effective; they are usually installed close to where the generated electricity is used. This technology is gaining popularity worldwide for off-grid electricity generation, such as in rural homes, farms, small factories, and commercial properties. To enhance the efficiency of the WT, it is vital to operate the WT at its maximum power. This work proposes an efficient and fast maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique based on the SCT to eradicate the drawbacks of the conventional methods and enhance the operation of the WT at the MPP regardless of wind speed and load changes. The SCT has advantages, such as robustness, simplified design, fast response, no requirement for knowledge of WT characteristics, no need for wind sensors or intricate power electronics, and straightforward implementation. Furthermore, it improves speed convergence with minimal steady-state oscillations at the MPP. The investigated configuration involves a wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), uncontrolled rectifier, boost converter, and variable load. The two converters are used to integrate the PMSG with the load. Three scenarios (step changes in wind speed, stochastic changes in wind speed, and variable electrical load) are studied to assess the SCT. The results prove a high performance of the suggested MPPT control method for a fast convergence speed, boosted WT efficacy, low oscillation levels, and applicability under a variety of environmental situations. This work used the MATLAB/Simulink program and was then implemented on a dSPACE 1104 control board to assess the efficacy of the SCT. Furthermore, experimental validation on a 1 kW Darrieus-type WT driving a PMSG was performed.
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DOI: 10.3390/sym15020369
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