Antidermatophytic Activity of Nicotiana Tabacum And Allium Sativum L Chloroformic Extract Against Trichophyton Rubrum: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Abstract

Onychomycosis is a chronic infection of the nail caused by different fungi, especially dermatophytes, of which Trichophyton rubrum is the main causative species. The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of different extracts of Nicotina tabacum (NT) and Allium sativum L (AS) usually used by the local Moroccan population for the treatment of skin disease. NT and AS plant material were extracted by maceration, and the Trichophyton rubrum strain was collected and identified from patients suspected of onychomycosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using a broth microdilution method and determined spectrophotometrically at 530 nm. GC–MS analysis revealed that NT extracts were mainly composed of sesquiterpenes (α-cedrene, cadinene, nd turmerones), while AS extracts contained sulfur compounds such as vinyldithiins, diallyl trisulfide, and allicin derivatives. Trichophyton rubrum has shown sensitivity against the various extracts of Nicotiana tabacum and Allium sativum L. compared to AS extracts, Nicotiana tabacum extracts have shown a higher inhibitor effect, whose MICs were 0.1 µg/ml for hexanilic and chloroformic extracts and 2 µg/ml for the ethyl acetate extract, followed by Allium sativum L., with MICs of 10 µg/ml for the chloroformic extract and 100 µg/ml for hexanilic and ethyl acetate extracts. Nicotiana tabacum has shown the best antifungal activity against T. rubrum, followed by Allium sativum L. The chloroformic extract shows good activity in comparison with ethyl acetate and hexane extracts.