review · Pathogens
Global initiatives to control COVID-19 encompass the creation of preventative vaccines alongside targeted therapeutics. Passive antibody approaches, including convalescent plasma, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies, represent promising routes for both prevention and treatment. Alongside direct antiviral strategies, various immunomodulatory antibodies are being evaluated in clinical trials. These therapies aim to enhance host immune responses against the virus while curbing potentially damaging hyperactive immune reactions. By reviewing registered trials, the research outlines the contemporary landscape of antibody-based candidates, presenting the specific advantages and limitations associated with these diverse immunotherapeutic interventions.
Identifying effective treatments for COVID-19 is critical for saving lives and managing severe illness. By assessing the progress of antibody therapies and immune modulators currently in clinical trials, this work clarifies which biological tools show the greatest promise and highlights the practical challenges that must be overcome to deliver safe therapies.
The work focuses on therapeutic applications for healthcare providers and pharmaceutical developers seeking treatments for SARS-CoV-2. Because the evaluated monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma options, and immunomodulators are sourced from registered clinical trials, the technologies sit at an applied clinical testing stage rather than early laboratory discovery, though their readiness depends on individual trial outcomes.
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Global efforts to contain the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) include the development of novel preventive vaccines and effective therapeutics. Passive antibody therapies using convalescent plasma, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-Corona-Virus-2)-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are among the most promising strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, several immunomodulatory antibodies acting via several mechanisms to boost the host immune defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as to avoid the harmful overreaction of the immune system are currently under clinical trial. Our main objective is to present the current most up-to-date progress in some clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. We highlight the pros and pitfalls of several SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based immunotherapeutics.
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DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110917
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