article · Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Essential oils extracted from the leaves of Artemisia annua and Aloe vera through steam distillation show measurable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Laboratory assessments using agar well diffusion tests and serial dilution procedures demonstrated that both plant oils inhibit the growth of the bacterium. Artemisia annua essential oil produced an inhibition zone of 18.50 millimetres at full concentration, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.625 milligrams per millilitre. Aloe vera essential oil achieved an inhibition zone of 13.40 millimetres, requiring a higher minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.5 milligrams per millilitre. These laboratory findings suggest that essential oils derived from both medicinal plants hold potential to serve as affordable, naturally derived alternatives to conventional antibiotics for managing bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous bacterial pathogen capable of forming resilient biofilms. Finding effective, affordable antibacterial agents derived from widely available plants such as Artemisia annua and Aloe vera offers promising alternatives to existing treatments, helping address the broader challenge of managing serious bacterial infections using natural substitutes.
The findings point towards potential applications in natural antimicrobial formulations and affordable antibiotic alternatives targeting Staphylococcus aureus infections. Potential users include pharmaceutical developers and healthcare product manufacturers. Because the evidence is limited to in vitro laboratory testing of distilled oils, the research remains at an early stage and requires further development before real-world therapeutic use.
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Artemisia annua and Aloe Vera have historically been used as medicinal plants through its extracts. Essential oils from Artemisia annua for decades have been used as mosquito repellants They have as well shown their potential to disrupt the biofilm formation of gram-positive pathogens; staphylococcus aureus being one of deadly pathogen of focus in this study. Thus, the study seeks to evaluate the activity of the essential oils present in both Artemisia annua and aloe vera against Staphylococcus aureus bacterium through extraction of essential oils obtained using steam distillation method. Antimicrobial effectiveness of the plant oils was assessed using the agar well diffusion test, and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the serial dilution procedure. The study identifies that the essential oils of both Aloe Vera and Artemisia annua possess substantial antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. Artemisia annua essential oil demonstrated a zone of inhibition of 18.50 ± 0.50 mm at 100% concentration (MIC: 0.625 mg/ml), while Aloe vera essential oil – 13.40 ± 0.40 mm (MIC: 2.5 mg/ml). The results obtained indicate the high potential of these two plant oils as natural and affordable antibiotic substitutes for combating bacterial infections.
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DOI: 10.33140/jpr.11.02.02
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