article · Nano Select
Growing resistance to conventional antibiotics poses a severe challenge to treating infectious diseases. Nanotechnology-based medicines offer a viable pathway to tackle multidrug-resistant microorganisms, with metallic nanoparticles showing particular potential due to their strong, broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial effectiveness of these metallic nanoparticles depends on multiple critical factors. These determinants include the synthesis method, nanoparticle size, shape, surface charge, pH, and dosage, as well as the specific capping or stabilising agents utilised during preparation. Bacterial characteristics, notably whether the target microorganisms are Gram-positive or Gram-negative, also directly dictate antibacterial performance. Clarifying how these physical, chemical, and biological parameters interact provides a clearer foundation for designing and optimising more potent metallic nanoparticle formulations to combat resistant pathogens.
Antibiotic resistance makes common bacterial infections increasingly difficult to treat with traditional pharmaceuticals. Nanotechnology offers an alternative antimicrobial approach. Examining how specific nanoparticle properties and bacterial structures dictate treatment success helps researchers tailor materials more effectively, advancing the search for viable alternatives to conventional antibiotics in global healthcare.
This work informs the design of novel nanoparticle-based antimicrobial agents for biomedical and pharmaceutical developers seeking alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Because the abstract outlines a review of influencing factors rather than presenting a formulated clinical product, the findings relate to early-stage formulation and laboratory research, far from immediate market deployment.
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ABSTRACT The increase of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a major concern for successful diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been achieved on the development of nanotechnology‐based medicines for combating multidrug resistance in microorganisms. Among these, metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) hold great promise in addressing this challenge due to their broad‐spectrum and robust antimicrobial properties. This review illustrates the antibacterial activities of MNPs and further elucidates how different factors including synthesis method, size, shape, surface charge, pH, dose, type of capping or stabilizing agents of MNPs, and Gram‐type of the bacteria, impact their antibacterial activities, which are expected to promote the future development of more potent MNP‐based antibacterial agents.
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DOI: 10.1002/nano.202400049
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