review · Food Research International
Obesity and type 2 diabetes present interconnected global metabolic health challenges, exacerbated by poor diet and environmental factors. Current pharmaceutical treatments often involve side effects or risks of misuse, prompting interest in alternative therapeutic strategies. Bioactive peptides offer natural alternatives by modulating biological pathways associated with both conditions. These functional molecules can inhibit fat digestion, influence gut microbiota, and support glucose regulation through insulinotropic mechanisms. Research into anti-obesity and anti-diabetic bioactive peptides encompasses their natural sources, extraction methods, structural properties, and gastrointestinal stability. Understanding these characteristics clarifies how these compounds function within the digestive system and highlights the technical requirements needed to incorporate them into practical applications.
Rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes threaten public health globally. Existing clinical drugs often carry significant side effects. Identifying and understanding natural bioactive peptides provides a scientific basis for developing safer dietary and therapeutic alternatives that help manage metabolic disorders through everyday nutrition and targeted treatments.
The work indicates potential applications in functional food formulation and nutraceutical development for managing weight and blood sugar. Potential users include food processors, ingredient manufacturers, and pharmaceutical developers. Because the abstract details a review of sources, mechanisms, and techno-functional challenges, the research represents an early-stage conceptual foundation rather than a validated commercial formulation.
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The scourge of obesity arising from obesogens and poor dieting still ravages our planet as half of the global population may be overweight and obese by 2035. This metabolic disorder is intertwined with type 2 diabetes (T2D), both of which warrant alternative therapeutic options other than clinically approved drugs like orlistat with their tendency of abuse and side effects. In this review, we comprehensively describe the global obesity problem and its connection to T2D. Obesity, overconsumption of fats, the mechanism of fat digestion, obesogenic gut microbiota, inhibition of fat digestion, and natural anti-obesity compounds are discussed. Similar discussions are made for diabetes with regard to glucose regulation, the diabetic gut microbiota, and insulinotropic compounds. The sources and production of anti-obesity bioactive peptides (AOBPs) and anti-diabetic bioactive peptides (ADBPs) are also described while explaining their structure-function relationships, gastrointestinal behaviors, and action mechanisms. Finally, the techno-functional applications of AOBPs and ADBPs are highlighted.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114427
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