article · International Journal of Anatomy and Research
This study establishes baseline physical measurements for the external nose within a healthy Egyptian population, addressing a shortage of specific regional data. Using a vernier caliper, nasal height and width were measured across 290 male and female participants ranging in age from one month to 65 years to calculate individual nasal indices. The data reveal clear differences in nasal morphology between sexes that emerge after 20 years of age. Among adults, the overall mean nasal index was 68.01, with males averaging 71.46 and females averaging 64.56. Based on these measurements, the dominant nasal shape in Egyptians falls between mesorrhine, or medium, and leptorrhine, or narrow. The resulting age- and sex-based benchmarks provide anatomical reference values for specialized practitioners.
Establishing standard anatomical measurements is essential for understanding natural variation across diverse populations. Documenting normal ranges for nasal height, width, and overall shape according to age and sex provides objective benchmarks. These parameters help ensure that anatomical assessments, identity verification, and medical procedures are grounded in reliable data specific to Egyptian populations.
The findings can be applied by clinicians in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery to guide procedural planning, as well as by forensic and anthropological practitioners for human identification. Because the study provides foundational anatomical reference measurements rather than a developed device or clinical tool, it is early-stage descriptive research that serves as informational data for professional use.
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ABSTRACTAddress for Correspondence: Dr. Abdelmonem Hegazy (M.D.), Associate Professor, Anatomy andEmbryology Department,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.E-Mail: dr.abdelmonemhegazy@yahoo.com, ahegazy@zu.edu.eg Access this Article online Quick Response code Web site: Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Background: The nasal index determination is one of the most commonly used anthropometric parameters inclassifying human races. There are few reports in medical literature concerning nasal index that specificallyaddress particular Egyptian populations. The objective of this study was to determine the normal parametersof external nose (width, height and nasal index) in Egyptians.Methods: The study was conducted randomly on healthy Egyptian subjects of both sexes. Nasal height andwidth were measured using vernier caliper. Then, nasal index was determined for each subject. The obtaineddata were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: A total of 290 subjects, 144 males and 146 females, aged 1 month– 65 years, were enrolled in the study.The study showed the existence of sexual dimorphism in nasal morphology, appearing after the age 20 years.The mean nasal index in the investigated adults was 68.01; in males and females was 71.46 and 64.56,respectively.Conclusions: The dominant nasal type in Egyptians was in-between mesorrhine “medium” and leptorrhine“narrow” nose. Forensic and anthropological research, as well as cosmetic and reconstructive surgery maybenefit from age- and sex- based data of the study.KEYWORDS: Anthropometry, anatomy, nasal breadth, nasal height, nasal index, sexual dimorphism, nasal type.
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DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2014.544
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