An Updated Review on the Neuroprotective Constituents of Genus Gardenia

Abstract

Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders include many diseases with different symptoms and causes. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), these disorders are classified into several categories according to the disease’s etiology and progression. These include neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and neuropsychiatric disorders which include depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia (SZ), etc. Neuroprotection refers to strategies aimed at preserving and protecting the health and function of the neurons. Natural Products have been used extensively in managing CNS disorders, some of which even affect the underlying pathways causing them. Genus Gardenia, a part of the Coffee family; Rubiaceae is widely used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including its potential neuroprotective properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing evidence on the therapeutic potential of Gardenia in addressing neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. It also sheds light on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mood-stabilizing effects of Gardenia's active constituents, such as crocins, iridoids, and flavonoids in managing these debilitating conditions.