An overview of possible Inhibitors of DPP-4 protein and their essential roles in the management of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Incorporation of DPP4 inhibitors to the list of various insulinotropic drugs used to manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is regarded as a significant advancement in the field of novel drug development. This review comprehensively explored the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, particularly emphasizing the function of incretin and the DPP4 enzyme, along with the outcomes of DPP-4 inhibitors in DM treatment. Additionally, diverse clinical trials examining the use of DPP-4 inhibitors as both monotherapy and partner therapy with other antihyperglycemic substances were reviewed. DPP-4 inhibitors effectively regulate glucose levels in both fasting and postprandial states, whether administered alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. Notably, substantial decrease in HbA1c levels have been seen with DPP-4 inhibitors as monotherapy. When partnered with metformin, glitazone, or sulphonylurea therapy for individuals with T2DM who haven’t achieved therapeutic aims, DPP-4 inhibitors effectively lowered HbA1c levels, fasting plasma glucose, and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose to expected range. Diverse DPP-4 inhibitors have been validated to be safe and well-tolerated in both monotherapy and combination therapy scenarios. The inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme holds promise in the treatment of T2DM, with several drugs inhibiting DPP-4 enzymes now developed. Hence, they are hugely recommended for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, either alone or in combination therapy.