An IoT-Based Intelligent Geolocation System for Smart Backpack Applications

Abstract

The loss or theft of personal belongings containing electronic devices and sensitive data is an increasing concern in academic and urban environments. This paper presents the design and experimental validation of an IoT-based geolocation system integrated into a smart backpack for on-demand remote tracking. The proposed solution relies on an embedded IoT architecture combining a low-cost microcontroller, a GPS module for outdoor position acquisition, and a GSM communication module enabling long-range data transmission via short message service. An energy-aware design incorporating a rechargeable battery and a solar energy harvesting unit is implemented to enhance system autonomy. The geolocation process is remotely triggered through predefined SMS commands, allowing event-driven localization without continuous Internet connectivity. Experimental evaluations conducted under real-world conditions demonstrate reliable GPS positioning, robust GSM communication, and effective transmission of location information in the form of map links. The results highlight the relevance of the proposed IoT-based system as a practical, low-cost, and energy-efficient solution for portable object tracking and smart personal object applications.