An Inventory of Home Facilities for Persons with Visual Impairment in Southwestern Nigeria: A Pathway Toward Inclusive Housing Design

Abstract

Accessible housing remains a cornerstone of social inclusion for persons with visual impairment. This study inventorised home facilities available to the visually impaired in Southwestern Nigeria to assess adequacy, accessibility, and functionality. Data were collected from 587 respondents across four states (Ekiti, Lagos, Ondo, and Oyo) using structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and direct observations. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and weighted mean indices, while qualitative insights complemented interpretation. Findings revealed that 76.5% of homes had basic facilities such as electricity, water, and ventilation, but less than 28% incorporated adaptive features like tactile pathways, non-slip floors, audible alarms, or voice-activated systems. The provision of accessible bathrooms (31.2%) and handrails (35.4%) was low, particularly in rural settings. Smart technologies were virtually absent (<10%) due to cost and awareness constraints. The results underscore a persistent gap between conventional and inclusive design, shaped by income disparities and policy neglect. The study concludes that the existing facilities are largely inadequate for promoting autonomy among the visually impaired. It recommends the integration of universal design principles in building codes, targeted retrofitting programs, and disability-inclusive housing policies to improve safety, independence, and overall residential satisfaction.