An Integrated Energy Management Strategy for Efficient Power Flow in EV On-Board Chargers with V2G Capability

Abstract

Achieving global carbon neutrality by 2050 necessitates a large-scale shift from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). In response, this paper presents a novel energy management strategy tailored for Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) chargers that integrates both Vehicle-to- Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) functionalities using Dual Active Bridge (DAB) bidirectional converters within On-Board Chargers (OBCs). A user-controlled switch enables seamless transitions between charging and discharging modes. In G2V operation, either Constant Current (CC) or Constant Voltage (CV) control is applied depending on the battery’s State of Charge (SoC), while V2G operation employs CC control with a negative current reference to govern discharge. The direction and magnitude of power transfer are modulated via Single Phase Shift (SPS) control between the DAB’s full bridges. This integrated approach not only supports grid stability and improves energy efficiency but also promotes battery longevity. Simulation results conducted in MATLAB/Simulink validate the proposed strategy’s effectiveness, demonstrating its potential to enhance the sustainability and performance of next-generation EV charging infrastructures.