An Evaluation of the Institutional and Policy Framework in Ghana's Urban Water Sector

Abstract

This study examined the institutional and policy framework governing water service delivery in urban Ghana. Through qualitative data analysis, 23 key informants’ interviews from both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders were analysed. Four central themes emerged: mandates and operations, institutional progress, challenges faced, and coping strategies employed by key stakeholders. While some degree of institutional progress was identified, so were overlapping mandates among key utilities, highlighting uncertainty and inefficiency in responsibilities. Several critical challenges in the water sector were highlighted, including inadequate collaboration among stakeholders, environmental threats (e.g., water pollution), political interference, and financial constraints. These factors hinder progress towards achieving sustainable water services. Additionally, the non-payment of water tariffs by some complicates operational activities, underscoring the need for community sensitization initiatives. However, there are opportunities for improved water management through collaborative partnerships among government bodies, non-governmental organizations, and local communities. For example, the Water Research Institute plays a vital role by providing essential data and research insights that inform policies aimed at sustainable water resource management. We advocate for innovative approaches, such as decentralizing water supply systems and investing in efficient resource management strategies, to better serve communities. We also emphasize the importance of enhancing civic education to foster public accountability and engagement. By addressing institutional and socio-cultural factors, we underscore the necessity for comprehensive reforms that position water as a shared common good, highlighting collaborative governance as a pathway to improve access and ensure sustainability in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 6.