An assessment of the evolution and development of IGAD in the Horn of Africa since 1986

Abstract

The study aims to assess the domestic, regional, and global factors that affect the evolution and development of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in the Horn of Africa from the perspective of economic cooperation and regional integration. The study also illustrates the evolution of IGAD in the Horn of Africa from the inception of the Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) in 1986 to the new treaty of IGAD ratified in 2023. To this end, the 1996 Agreement establishing IGAD and the 2023 Treaty establishing IGAD are the main treaty reforms that IGAD has passed to achieve its regional economic cooperation and integration objectives between 1986 and 2023. The study followed a qualitative research approach. The researchers used primary data, such as key informant interviews and conference participation, to triangulate the secondary data obtained from existing literature, such as reports, treaty documents, magazines, dissertations, books, and articles.