article · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
Soil salinity significantly restricts wheat growth and yield. Research on wheat cultivars Sids 14 and Misr 3 assessed treatments combining soil amendments with foliar growth regulators in salt-affected conditions. Soil additions included molasses and humic acid, while foliar treatments evaluated naphthalene acetic acid and glycine betaine against control conditions. Misr 3 outperformed Sids 14 across most traits and maintained a lower leaf temperature. Applying molasses at twenty-four litres per hectare or humic acid at twelve litres per hectare improved physiological and biochemical performance, reduced stress markers including proline and malondialdehyde, and increased yield attributes. Foliar application of glycine betaine led to the highest relative water content and photochemical efficiency, whereas naphthalene acetic acid enhanced catalase activity and spike count. Combining the cultivar Misr 3 with molasses soil treatment and glycine betaine foliar spray offers effective salinity mitigation in wheat production.
Saline soils threaten cereal harvests and food security across arid and semi-arid agricultural regions. Identifying salt-tolerant wheat cultivars alongside practical, accessible agronomic treatments such as molasses and glycine betaine provides actionable strategies to sustain grain production. These findings help agricultural managers and farmers protect crop yields and maintain farm productivity in salt-degraded environments without relying solely on complex genetic engineering.
This research highlights applied agronomic formulations combining standard soil additives like molasses or humic acid with foliar bio-stimulants such as glycine betaine. The primary users are wheat growers, agricultural input manufacturers, and agronomy extension services operating in saline agricultural zones. Because the treatments rely on defined application rates of existing agricultural inputs tested in salt-affected soils, the techniques appear close to field-ready adoption for crop management programmes.
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Soil salinity is a major constraint to wheat production; it causes a severe reduction in wheat growth and yield. Alleviation of salinity effects on physiological, biochemical, and yield of wheat cultivars; Sids 14 and Misr 3 using some soil additions (control, Molasses and Humic acid), compatible solutes, and growth regulators (water as control, Naphthalene acetic acid, and Glycine betaine) were investigated in salt-affected soils. Results indicated that Misr 3 was superior to Sids 14 in all studied characteristics except flag leaf area, relative water content, plant height and recorded lower and desirable value of leaf temperature. The addition of Molasses (24 L ha<sup>-1</sup>) or Humic acid (12 L ha<sup>-1</sup>) significantly increased physiological and biochemical characteristics. At the same time, flag leaf temperature, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were decreased, yield and its attributes also increased except No. kernel spike-1. Foliar spray of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 30 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. or glycine betaine (GB 100 mM) also positively affected the studied characteristics, where Glycine betaine recorded the highest Relative water content and Fv/Fm. In contrast, NAA recorded the most increased Catalase (CAT) activity, and the Number of spikes m<sup>-2</sup> and insignificant differences were observed between them in grain yield. It could be recommended the cultivation of Misr 3 with Molasses and GB under saline soils.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.027
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