Algal and bee-derived compounds: Bioactives for cosmetics and therapeutic applications

Abstract

Algae and honeybee products are showing up more and more in skincare and in topical or adjunctive treatments because they’re rich, natural sources of active molecules. Macroalgae and microalgae produce sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, carotenoids, and peptides—compounds known for antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, photoprotective, brightening, and moisturizing effects. From the beehive, medical‑grade honey, beeswax, and bee venom (BV) stand out for supporting wound repair and calming inflammatory skin conditions thanks to their antimicrobial, anti‑inflammatory, immunomodulatory, barrier‑strengthening, and pro‑regenerative actions. This review pulls together recent progress on the chemistry, mechanisms, delivery systems, and real‑world uses of algae‑ and bee‑derived ingredients. Meta‑analyses suggest that medical-grade honey can modestly yet meaningfully speed healing in chronic wounds, while combinations of bee products are gaining traction for acne care and biofilm control. Crucially, sustainable sourcing and careful standardization are making it easier to create products that perform as both effective cosmetics and credible therapeutics. With better evidence and formulation practices, these algae‑ and bee‑based actives can move from promising products to fully evidence‑backed ingredients in modern skincare and medicine.