article · Al- Anbar Medical Journal
A study conducted at Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon assessed how age and sex influence key metabolic markers in 153 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Female participants comprised 61.4 percent of the group, and 45.7 percent of all participants were obese. Older individuals, specifically those aged 70 to 79 years, exhibited lower fasting blood glucose levels, reduced glomerular filtration rates, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to younger cohorts. Male patients showed higher albumin concentrations than female patients, and albumin levels were also higher in younger participants than in the oldest age group. Significant associations were established linking age, sex, and body mass index to fasting blood glucose, albumin, filtration rate, triglycerides, and cholesterol profiles.
Managing type 2 diabetes requires an understanding of how individual characteristics alter disease biomarkers. By demonstrating that age and sex significantly shift kidney function indicators, albumin levels, and cholesterol profiles, this research highlights the importance of tailoring diabetes monitoring and therapeutic strategies to demographic factors, particularly for older individuals.
The findings could inform clinical diagnostics and the development of stratified diabetes care guidelines or risk-scoring algorithms for healthcare providers. Because the study represents early-stage clinical observational research, any translation into commercial diagnostic tools or clinical decision-support software would require further validation in larger, multi-centre trials.
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Background: Metabolic factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain poorly understood, especially in the context of population-specific influences and varying environmental settings.Objectives: To investigate the modulation of albumin, lipid profile biomarkers, and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in T2DM patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon.Materials and Methods: Briefly, 153 patients were interviewed on their socio-demographic and anthropometric information, and their fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, lipid profile, albumin, and eGFR were determined.Results: The majority (61.4%) of participants were females and almost half (45.7%) of the population was obese. The FBG level was lower in the older age group (70-79 years, 165.62±17.95 mg/dL) than those moderately younger (≤69 years, 241.26±12.96 mg/dL). Also, the eGFR (65.97±4.03 ml/min/1.73m2) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (54.06±2.84 mg/dL) decreased in older patients, particularly in the age 70-79 years. Male participants had higher albumin levels than the females (4.77±0.12 g/dL vs. 4.38±0.11 g/dL). Moreover, albumin was higher in the younger population (39-49 years; 4.99±0.22g/dL) as compared to older individuals (80-89 years; 4.07±0.22 g/dL). Correlation analyses revealed significant associations of FBG, albumin, eGFR, triglycerides, HDL, and low-density lipoprotein with age, gender, and body mass index.Conclusion: The findings suggested significant variations in albumin, lipid biomarkers, and eGFR among diabetic patients, with age, gender, and cholesterol levels being the key modulators. Older patients seem particularly affected, making them a critical group for targeted management of T2DM.
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DOI: 10.33091/amj.2025.155323.2014
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