Advancing Toward a Hepatitis C-Free World: Emerging Therapies, Persistent Challenges, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Recent advancements in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have significantly advanced the goal of achieving a hepatitis C-free world. The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized treatment, offering over 95% cure rates, shorter treatment durations, and fewer side effects. Pan-genotypic regimens, such as sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, have further simplified treatment by being effective across all HCV genotypes. Despite these advancements, substantial challenges persist globally. An estimated 50 million people are living with chronic HCV worldwide, yet many remain undiagnosed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where there is limited healthcare infrastructure. High treatment costs further restrict access to these life-saving therapies. Reinfection rates remain high among certain populations, such as people who inject drugs (PWIDs), and stigma continues to deter individuals from seeking testing and treatment. To advance HCV elimination, future efforts must prioritize universal screening, affordable treatment, improved diagnostic technologies, and intensified research into vaccine development. Strengthened global and local collaboration is essential to overcome these challenges and reduce the global HCV burden.